| خلاصه مقاله | In vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models are essential tools for studying CNS drug delivery, permeability, and neurotoxicity under controlled laboratory conditions. These models aim to replicate the structural, functional, and selective properties of the BBB, which is primarily composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells closely associated with astrocytes and pericytes. Static Transwell models provide simple, cost-effective platforms for measuring TEER and apparent permeability (Papp), enabling high-throughput drug screening. Co-culture models enhance tight junction integrity and transporter activity by mimicking cellular interactions, while dynamic microfluidic BBB-on-a-chip systems incorporate shear stress and flow, offering a more physiologically relevant environment and real-time monitoring of drug transport. Three-dimensional spheroid and organoid models replicate complex tissue architecture and intercellular signaling, supporting studies on nanoparticle delivery and disease modeling. Recent advances using human iPSC-derived BBB cells, organ-on-chip platforms, and computational prediction tools have improved translational relevance, making in vitro BBB models indispensable for screening drug permeability, evaluating neurotoxicity, and developing CNS-targeted therapeutics. |