| خلاصه مقاله | Hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating subtype of stroke associated with high mortality and long-term neurological disability, while effective therapeutic options remain limited. Major challenges in its management include poor drug penetration across the blood–brain barrier, non-specific drug distribution, and secondary brain injury caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, and iron-mediated toxicity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary approach to address these limitations by enabling precise diagnosis, targeted therapy, and neural tissue repair. Recent advances have demonstrated the potential of various nanomaterials, including polymeric, lipid-based, metallic, and biodegradable nanoparticles, for targeted delivery of neuroprotective agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and genetic materials to hemorrhagic brain regions. In addition, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers capable of controlled drug release in response to pathological microenvironmental cues such as pH changes and reactive oxygen species have shown improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic side effects. Nanotechnology-based platforms have also enhanced imaging modalities, hematoma monitoring, and the development of theranostic systems that integrate diagnosis and therapy. Despite encouraging preclinical outcomes, challenges related to biosafety, long-term toxicity, and clinical translation remain. |