| خلاصه مقاله | ackground: Status epilepticus is a medical and neurologic emergency that
requires prompt evaluation and treatment.Refractory status occurs in
approximately 20 percent of patients with status epilepticus
Definition – The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) follows the
operational definition of generalized convulsive status epilepticus as having a
duration of five minutes.
RSE, however, is not defined by duration, but rather as status epilepticus that
does not cease with administration of two antiseizure medications
(administered in appropriate and adequate doses); usually an intravenous
benzodiazepine, followed, if necessary, by a longer-acting antiseizure
medication. RSE occurs in approximately one-quarter of status epilepticus
cases and has higher morbidity and mortality.
Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is defined as status epilepticus
persisting or recurring after 24 hours or more of treatment with anesthetic
drugs.
Management: For patients with generalized convulsive refractory status
epilepticus (RSE), essential management steps include transfer to an intensive
care unit with continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) capability, intubation
and mechanical ventilation, and highly sedating pharmacologic therapy to
suppress seizures. Beyond pharmacotherapy, ketogenic diet, epilepsy surgery
and neuromodulation and in cases with new onset refractory status
epilepticus(NORSE) immunotherapy also should be in consideration. |