| خلاصه مقاله | Background and aim: Among hematological malignancies, multiple myeloma(MM) is the second most prevalent disease. The rise in medication resistance calls for more research into the pathophysiology of MM. PiWI-interacting RNAs(piRNAs) are a recently identified class of short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are composed of 26–30 nucleotides with a 2′-O-methyl at the 3′-terminal and a uridine base at the 5′-terminal or an adenosine base at the tenth position. The function of piRNA in MM and endothelial cell intercellular communication is poorly understood. In this study, we discuss the role of piRNAs in multiple myeloma progression and metastasis as well as its molecular mechanisms.
Methods: In this review, articles were collected from PubMed, Scopus and web of science databases, published between 2010 to 2024. These databases were searched using the keywords of multiple myeloma, piRNA, piwi RNA, Epigenetic regulations.
Results: According to the findings of earlier studies, piRNA-823 plays a part in MM and is primarily found in EVs formed from MM cells (MM-derived-EVs) and the peripheral blood of MM patients. Increased piRNA-823 expression was associated with late stages and poor prognosis of MM. The piRNA-823 mimic and inhibitor were designed to upregulate or to suppress the endogenous function of piRNA-823. piRNA-823 up-regulates the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and inhibits the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This prevents the ubiquitination of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Additionally, PIWI-interacting RNA-004800 (piR-004800) is another piRNA implicated in MM and is overexpressed in early MM cells as well as exosomes from bone marrow supernatant from MM patients. There is a positive correlation between the phases of MM and the expression level of piR-004800. According to earlier research, the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) signaling pathway is essential for the growth of MM cells.
Conclusion: Taken together, our data point to piR-004800 and piRNA-823 playing an oncogenic role in MM, providing insight into a novel mechanism that could lead to therapeutic approaches for MM. |