| خلاصه مقاله | Exosomes are bilayer membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles that are 30–150 nm in size and with varying compositions. These vesicles are enriched with small RNA, and they play a role in many physiological processes. In the brain, they are involved in processes including synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication, and neurogenesis. While exosomes have been implicated previously in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, research regarding their role in mental disorders remains scarce. Given their functional significance in the brain, investigation in this field is warranted. Additionally, because exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), they may serve as accessible biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Studying exosomes may provide information towards diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, and specifically, those derived from the brain may provide a mechanistic view of the disease phenotype. Exosome therapy holds significant promise in treating psychological diseases due to its ability to cross BBB and facilitate intercellular communication within the central nervous system. Due to the various functions of exosomes in biological and pathological processes, these small membrane vesicles have attracted wide attention in the last decade. Exosomes have created a new therapeutic vision for the delivery of biomolecules and drugs; and different compounds such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and drugs can be transferred through it. They can be engineered and put different compounds inside them and increase their specificity by transferring specific exosome receptors. |