| خلاصه مقاله | In recent years, 3D and 4D bioprinting has emerged as a new revolution in tissue engineering. This
technology offers innovative solutions to complex medical challenges, especially wound healing.
One is the ability to design and create personalized bio-scaffolds that support tissue regeneration.
Due to its importance, this technology has become the main focus of today's tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine research. An appealing approach in this field involves integrating 3D
printing technology with advanced materials that can respond to environmental stimuli, known as
4D printing technology. With this approach, constructs are created that can dynamically react to
the environmental conditions of the wound. Responsive materials, also known as smart materials,
are sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature, pH, or mechanical stress [1]. In the
context of wound healing, these structures are designed and programmed to release therapeutic or
biological factors, change structure, or undergo controlled destruction under specific
environmental conditions [2]. This dynamism and adaptability of these structures provide the
potential for targeted support during different phases of wound healing, resulting in more effective
tissue regeneration. In addition, along with this technology, researchers utilize precise 3D
modeling techniques to create structures with unique characteristics in terms of porosity,
mechanical strength, and surface performance [3]. This is essential for developing optimal
biological characteristics, such as proper cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, to
facilitate effective wound healing. Somehow, scientists combine computational models with
experimental tests to design structures that can meet the specific needs of a patient or a particular
wound [4]. This represents a significant advancement in personalized medicine. Responsive
printed structures, unlike traditional structures, are actively sensitive to the physiological
conditions of the wound site, and in this way, in addition to speeding up wound healing, they also
reduce the possibility of some complications such as infection and scarring [5].
In conclusion, a new generation of bio-constructs has been created by integrating 3D printing
technology with smart materials that respond to environmental conditions, revolutionizing wound
healing. The advancing research in this area leads to the development of highly efficient and
patient-specific treatments, and ultimately, through improved wound healing, enhances the quality
of life for patients with severe wounds |