| خلاصه مقاله | Background: Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an inflammatory disease of the kidneys caused by immune system response to an infection with nephritogenic strains of group A β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus Pyogenes) including: streptococcal pharyngitis, skin sores (impetigo, pyoderma) or scarlet fever. Cases occur throughout the world; however, 97% of cases occur in less-developed countries, it is mostly seen in children aged 5 to 12 years and uncommon before the age of 3 years.
Discussion: APSGN commonly follows Streptococcal Pharyngitis during cold-weather months and Streptococcal impetigo during warm-weather months. The typical patient develops an acute nephritic syndrome: 1 to 2 weeks after an antecedent streptococcal pharyngitis or 3 to 6 weeks after a streptococcal pyoderma. APSGN is not a contagious disease because it is an individual immune response to bacterial antigens and not an infection by itself. However, a patient with a nephritogenic streptococcal infection can spread the bacteria to others, mainly through respiratory droplets. Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP) are often found in the throat and on the skin of patients or asymptomatic carriers and can be spread person to person by sneezing, coughing and touching infected skin sores and sharing clothes, bedding or towels with someone who has skin sores. SP is commonly spread through close contact; e.g. between family members and people staying in the household. Anyone who is at increased risk for SP infection is also at increased risk for getting APSGN. “No Vaccine” is currently available for SP. To reduce the spread of bacteria, regular hand washing has been recommended, especially: After coughing, sneezing and toilet; and before preparing, eating or serving foods. People with “Strep Throats” should avoid contact with others. All patients with, sore throat, scarlet fever, itchy skin or skin sores with pus or scabies should receive appropriate treatment. To stop SP infection and APSGN: clean and cover skin sores from dirt and scratching with dressings or band-aids; keep fingernails short and clean; wash towels, clothing, toys and bedding regularly and dry in the sun. If there are increasing cases in the community, all children’s must be checked for skin sores, scabies or signs of SP infections. Treatment Includes antibiotics, preferably Benzathine Penicillin G intramuscular injection; every patient with APSGN who may still have SP in his/her throat must receive antibiotics. People with SP infections should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they have no fever and have taken antibiotics for at least 12 to 24 hours.
Conclusion: To improve hygienic conditions is the main way to prevent all forms of bacterial infections and their complications in the population |