| خلاصه مقاله | The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine, the restoration, reconstruction, and repair of lost and/or damaged tissue function, positively correlates with three-dimensional bioprinting, a novel technique for fabricating engineered tissues. A new trend is to move away from 'in vitro bioprinting and subsequent implantation' and instead print the bioink directly into the defect. This is often called 'in situ bioprinting,' and it aims to get around the problems with current methods so that bioprinting can be used in clinical settings. By using an in situ bioprinting technique, a surgical team may promptly administer the therapy and manage the process in real time. Surgeons and physicians could easily use the portable hand-held bioprinters developed as a result of this technology's progressive trend. The advent of portable hand-held bioprinters has the potential to resolve the obstacles and challenges associated with statistical bioprinting. Multiple tissues, including skin, cartilage, bone, dental, and skeletal muscle, could be considered target tissues for portable handheld bioprinters. Projections suggest that these facilities could actively advance the translation of regenerative medicine science from the bench to the bedside. As a result, the treatment proceeds without delay, and any changes in the defect microenvironment over time, due to the dynamic nature of wounds or surgical resection and debridement, do not surprise the surgeon during the process. Hence, the implanted scaffold precisely aligns with the defect's shape. Moreover, in situ crosslinking strengthens the scaffold's attachment to the remaining tissue, enhancing the integration between the tissue and scaffold. Ultimately, the body, functioning as a natural bioreactor, is far more effective than in vitro culture conditions for tissue regeneration and minimizes the risk of contamination. Recently, several in situ bioprinting techniques have been documented. Researchers are currently focusing their efforts on developing automated in-situ printers and handheld printers. Studies on handheld bioprinters, a novel in situ printing technology, are currently underway. Although it shows potential, in situ bioprinting is a developing area that necessitates materials and technology with distinct qualities in comparison to traditional bioprinting. Consequently, more research is required to modify conventional bioinks and bioprinting techniques to align with this strategy. |