| خلاصه مقاله | Background and Aim: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel
coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to significant global
health, economic, and social disruptions. Despite the rapid development and deployment of vaccines, the
virus continues to pose a substantial threat due to its high transmissibility and the emergence of new
variants. Effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain critical in controlling the spread of the
virus, especially in regions with limited vaccine coverage or where vaccine-resistant variants are
prevalent. This article examines a range of NPIs, such as social distancing, Use of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), and hand hygiene, assessing their efficacy across various contexts. The objective is to
guide public health policies and bolster preparedness for ongoing and future pandemics.
Methods: Between February 1, 2020, and December 30, 2023, we reviewed 250 scholarly articles. These
articles were identified using the keywords 'SARS-CoV-2,' 'COVID-19,' 'transmission,' 'prevention,'
'social gatherings,' and 'social distancing.' We found 55 highly relevant articles from this collection, and
we integrated their insights into the development of this paper.
Results: Our study demonstrated that implementing risk perception, reduced travel, complete quarantine
in specific areas, home quarantine, social distancing, use of PPE such as masks and gloves, prevention of
gatherings, cleaning and disinfection of public utilities and busy places, identifying, isolating, and treating
infected individuals, tracking contacts, continuing health education, adherence to health principles,
especially in poor areas, and frequent hand washing with soap and water or disinfection with 70% ethanol
significantly reduced COVID-19 transmission rates.
Conclusion: Our study underscores the critical role of non-pharmaceutical interventions in reducing
COVID-19 transmission. These measures are essential for controlling current and future pandemics,
providing a foundation for effective public health strategies and preparedness. Continued adherence to
these interventions will be vital in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks. |