| خلاصه مقاله | Introduction: Exosomes, endosomal-based nano-sized vesicles, are involved
in cell-to-cell intercommunication. Exosomes are produced under
physiological and pathological conditions with prominent distribution in
biofluids. In the urinary system, urinary exosomes (UEs), with an average
diameter of 20-100 nm, are excreted by renal tubules epithelial cells,
glomerular podocytes, and epithelial cells of the genitourinary tract (bladder
and prostate). These exosomes harbor several signaling biomarkers,
including membrane proteins, transcription factors, and microRNAs. UEs
serve as immune effectors for the protection of the urinary tract against
bacterial infection via carrying multiple innate immune proteins.
Methods: In this study, several sources were searched in numerous
databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar using
keywords including; exosomes, urinary exosomes, biomarker, renal diseases,
etc.
Results: Recent findings have confirmed the potential diagnostic properties of
UEs in different abnormalities, such as renal tissue injuries. It is thought that
rapid and accurate urine assay in terms of UE biomarkers may facilitate noninvasive diagnosis and develop prosperous management programs for
patients suffering from kidney disorders. Besides, changes in the UE
molecular signature can help us in the comprehension of the various renal
diseases. The molecular composition of UEs displays their cellular origin,
making them a promising source of biomarkers for kidney dysfunction and
structural damage.
Conclusion: Despite recent progress in the detection of patient-specific UE
proteome and transcriptome, UE research is still in its infancy, and multiomics analysis is becoming an increasingly important area of study. The
combination of exosomes and multi-omics analysis may provide an in-depth
understanding of cellular changes and the essence of disease |