| خلاصه مقاله | Evaluation of Different Attractive Traps for Capturing Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of Leishmaniasis, Southeast of Iran
Background
The attraction of phlebotomine sand flies to plant and animal hosts is due to the produced chemical compounds, affecting the olfactory receptors of the insects. Therefore, novel and effective methods, such as Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) and Attractive Toxic Baits (ATB), are based on the effective materials that attract sand flies toward the host. The present study was designed to identify the attractive materials in plants and animals for using in ATSB and ATB.
Material and methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2018 on endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Iran. Different baits, including mango, nectarine, grape, banana, melon and watermelon, defibrinated blood of cattle, sheep, goat and chicken, urine of cattle, sheep, goat and ultimately, simple and complex chemicals, such as CO2, 1-octanol, lactic acid and human sweat were placed inside the traps, and the rate of the sand flies attraction to these materials was studied. Furthermore, data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test
Results
The attraction of sand flies to traps containing various fruits: The Mann Whitney U test indicated that the attraction rate was significant in the male group among all of the fruit and control traps. In the female group, there was a significant difference only between watermelon and the control trap.
The attraction of sand flies to traps containing the defibrinated blood of different animal: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the attraction rate between the traps containing cow, chicken, sheep, and goat blood compared to the control trap.
The rate of sand flies attraction to traps containing the urine of different animals: Results showed that, in the male sand flies group, there was a significant difference in the attraction rate between the traps containing urine from goat, sheep, and cattle in comparison to the control trap.
The rate of sand flies attraction to traps containing various chemicals: The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that only thedifferences in attraction rate between traps containing CO2 and human sweat were significant compared to the control trap.
Conclusion
The recent study showed that watermelon and CO2 were the potential candidates for using in ATSB and ATB, respectively. These two substances are more effective and affordable than other examined materials. The data obtained from this study can help to identify and introduce effective baits for using in Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) and Attractive Toxic Baits (ATB), in order to control the sand flypopulations and reduce disease cases.
Key word: Leishmaniasis, Sand Flies, Attractive Traps |