| خلاصه مقاله | Background. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) remains a preferable treatment for dialysis patients with
refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. The main goal of this surgical treatment is
maintaining an adequate balance between the prevention of persistent/recurrent disease and
avoidance of postoperative hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid insufficiency occurs infrequently
after PTX. Owing to the presence of supernumerary and other glands in the thymus, total
suppression of PTH is uncommon even after total PTX without immediate autotransplantation
(AT). It seems that constant motivation of elevated phosphorus and decreased 1,25 dihydroxy
vitamin D level on isolated cell nests in the thyroid glands, thymus, and cervical fat, account for
detectable PTH after total PTX in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, in patients
with a history of total PTX undergoing successful kidney transplantation, constant stimulation of
cell nests is no longer expected due to the well-functioning of the allograft. Unexpectedly, this
drop in PTH values through the first postoperative week in kidney-transplanted patients could
result in considerable hyperphosphatemia. Production of calcium phosphate particles in the renal
luminal tube, could initiate interstitial inflammation, activation of toll-like receptor 4, and finally
development of renal damage as named acute phosphate nephropathy (APN). Subtotal
parathyroidectomy which involves the resection of three and a half parathyroid glands is
considered a better treatment choice for ESRD patients awaiting allograft.
Case report. In this study, we described a 35 years old male ESRD patient with a history of total
parathyroidectomy that 4 months later received a kidney allograft. The function of the graft
remained stable for one week. After that, creatinine levels gradually decreased, and
spontaneously the mean of calcium received to 5.6 mg/dl and the mean of phosphorus received
to 6.7 mg/dl. It was observed that the function of the graft drastically decreased and after the
prescribing recombinant PTH, all of these parameters were normalized and the graft function
was stabilized.
Conclusion. APN should be considered in kidney transplanted patients with a history of total
PTX and acute onset of allograft failure without a well-known reason. |