| خلاصه مقاله | Retinol, also known as vitamin A, is a dietary supplement and a member of the vitamin A family of fat-soluble vitamins. Dietary vitamin A is often absorbed as carotenoids and converted to retinol in enterocytes (intestinal absorptive cells). These are then transported to the liver via chylomicrons for storage before being released into the bloodstream and bound to retinol-binding protein to reach the liver's biologically active tissues. Embryological development, immunity, growth, reproduction, cellular differentiation, and vision are just a few of the numerous and significant biological processes in that vitamin A is essential. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, retinoid X receptors, and nuclear retinoic acid receptors are principally responsible for vitamin A functions. Retinoids control the growth and differentiation of numerous skin cell types, and their absence causes abnormal epithelial keratinization. Also, Vitamin A promotes epidermal turnover, speeds up re-epithelialization, and repair epithelial structure in injured tissue. The unique property of retinoids is their capacity to reverse the inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory steroids on wound healing. In addition to its role in the inflammatory phase of wound healing, retinoic acid is also known to be effective in increasing the production of extracellular matrix elements such as type I collagen and fibronectin, increasing the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and reducing the level of matrix metalloproteinases. |