| To date, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been substantially advanced using bioactive functional
nanomaterials. Having capitalized on various safe and biocompatible advanced materials, different types
of biomimetic scaffolds have been engineered and exploited as an ideal setting for the loading and delivery of the
incorporated cells to the damaged/defected tissues. As a carbon-based allotrope with a single layer of atoms,
graphene displays a two-dimensional nanoscale honeycomb matrix and provides a great possibility for surface
functionalization. Graphene and its derivatives have been used in a wide variety of advanced areas, including
pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, in large part due to their extraordinary properties such as
outstanding electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, ease of functionalization, large surface area, and
high biocompatibility. Graphene and its polymeric composites have been used for the fabrication of advanced
bioactive scaffolds to serve tissue regeneration. The unique features of graphene-polymer composites make them
as suitable scaffolds for the delivery of the cells and necessary substances to the damaged tissues, in particular
bone, cartilage, and electroactive tissues. In this review, we elaborate on the graphene-incorporated polymeric
composite scaffolds and comprehensively discuss their applications. |