| Background: Urethral duplication is a very uncommon congenital anomaly that predominantly afects males. This
condition is distinguished by the presence of two urethras, which might be incomplete or complete. The diagnosis of
urethral duplication is very important, and missing this diagnosis leads to the delayed surgical correction of patients.
Voiding cysto-urethrography is an important diagnostic method to diagnose the urethral duplication that can provide
a standard view for surgical operation and determine the type of duplication.
Case presentation: In the present study, we report a 5-year-old boy with complete urethral duplication diagnosed
via voiding cysto-urethrography in our medical center. We reviewed the classifcation of this anomaly, indications of
surgery, the importance of voiding cysto-urethrography, and the role of other imaging modalities to diagnose the
urethral duplication.
Conclusion: For children with a double urinary stream, a complete genital examination and radiological assessment
are required not only to diagnose urethral duplication but also to determine the kind of urethral duplication and
rule out related anomalies. These fndings guide surgeons in planning the best treatment for the patients to prevent
future complications. Voiding cysto-urethrography is one of the most useful and benefcial procedures to diagnose
the urethral duplication which can be used as a frst imaging modality, especially when there are double functional
urethras |