| خلاصه مقاله | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. This
disease is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with aging. AD, as
the most common form of dementia, accounts for 70% of all dementia cases in the world. Many
neurodegenerative diseases require the delivery of drugs to the brain. Considering the blood-brain
barrier, drug delivery approaches for AD is limited. To conquer this problem, delivering the drug via
nasal route seems to be appropriate as an alternative to systemic administration. Many drugs may be
transported across the nasal membrane into the systemic circulation. After they are administered
intranasally, these drugs cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain and the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF). This pathway can be a potential option to improve the bioavailability of the drug considering
hepatic/gastrointestinal first-pass effects. Additionally, to increase drug permeability across the
olfactory epithelium, numerous drug delivery systems have been evaluated. The present review throws
light on the latest discoveries of some of the crucial findings on intranasal drug delivery systems (DDSs)
in AD, to understand the mechanism of transportation of DDSs from the nose to the CNS, along with
stating clinical progress of DDSs. To this end, recent advances in AD nasal DDSs such as different types of
hydrogels (hydrogels nanoparticles and nanocomposites, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, in-situ gelling
hydrogels, biopolymer-based hydrogels), vesicular carriers (liposomes, niosomes), nanoparticles
(micelles) and microparticles will be discussed and summarized. Furthermore, the clinical application of
intranasal drug delivery to the brain for treating AD will need a long period time of research and clinical
trials bring an optimistic aspect to the patients dealing with this type of dementia. |