| Background: The present systematic review is conducted, focusing on the existing evidence of Propolis’s efects due
to its various health benefts, mainly antioxidant and anti-infammatory properties on preserving renal function.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar was undertaken for relevant papers published from the start until January 2021.
Results: This review revealed that Propolis afects fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood glucose, advanced
glycation end products (AGEs) concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, urinary concentrations of reactive
oxygen metabolites (Tbars), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG) formation favorably. The fndings on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid
profle were controversial. Moreover, a signifcant reduction in renal nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), serum immunoglobulins, renal ED-1+ cells, and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) following Propolis supplementation has been reported, while the results on interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nitric oxide
(NO), nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were controversial. Furthermore,
included studies showed its anti- proteinuria and kidney restoring efects.
Conclusion: In this review, both human and animal studies provide us evidences that Propolis could potentially
improve the glycemic status, oxidative stress, renal tissue damage, and renal function. Further studies are needed to
determine the underlying mechanisms |