| An organic solvent-free extraction procedure using elevated temperature liquid–liquid extraction/ dispersive
liquid–liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent has been performed for the extraction of three
synthetic phenolic antioxidants from oil samples. In the developed approach, firstly the antioxidants were
extracted into an aqueous alkaline solution in an elevated temperature. Then, a few microliters of deep eutectic
solvent formed from tetrabutylammonium chloride and hydroquinone was dissolved in the alkaline solution and
a homogenous solution was obtained. In the following it was dispersed into an acidic solution. In this step, an
acid–base reaction was occurred and the analytes were migrated into the fine droplets of the deep eutectic
solvent. The extracted analytes were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Validation
data showed that low limits of detection (0.13–0.42 ng/mL) and quantification (0.36–1.41 ng/mL), high
extraction recovery (74–89%) and enrichment factor (370–445), and good precision (relative standard deviation
≤ 7.4%) can be obtained by the developed method. Finally, the method was used for quantification of the antioxidants
in several edible oil samples. |