| A wide variety of species, such as different ions, reactive oxygen species, and biomolecules play critical roles in
many cell functions. These species are responsible for a range of cellular functions such as signaling, and
disturbed levels could be involved in many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration etc. Thus,
sensitive and specific detection methods for these biomarkers could be helpful for early disease detection and
mechanistic investigations. New ultrasensitive sensors for detection of markers within living cells are a growing
field of research. The present review provides updates in live cell-based biosensing, which have been published
within the last decade. These sensors are mainly based on carbon, gold and other metals, and their physicochemical advantages and limitations are discussed. Advanced materials can be incorporated into probes for the
detection of various analytes in living cells. The sensitivity is strongly influenced by the intrinsic properties of the
nanomaterials as well their shape and size. The mechanisms of action and future challenges in the developments
of new methods for live cell based biosensing are discussed. |