| Title: Effects of vitamin D supplementation on apolipoprotein A1 and B100 levels in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Abstract:
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death around the world. According to the studies,
apolipoproteins A1 and B100 play crucial role in CVD development and progression. Also, findings have
indicated the positive role of vitamin D on these factors. Thus, we conducted the present meta-analysis
of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to demonstrate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on
apolipoproteins A1 and B100 levels in adults. PubMed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar
were searched up to 21 December 2020. Relevant articles were screened, extracted, and assessed for
quality based on the Cochrane collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Data analysis conducted by randomeffect model and expressed by standardized mean difference (SMD). The heterogeneity between studies
was assessed by I-squared (I2) test. Subgroups and sensitivity Analyses were also conducted. Seven
RCTs were identified investigating the impact of vitamin D on Apo A1 levels and six on Apo B100
levels. The findings showed the insignificant effect of vitamin D supplementation on Apo A1 (SMD =
0.26 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.10, 0.61; P= 0.155) and Apo B100 (standardized mean
difference (SMD) = -0.06 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.24, 0.12; P=0.530) in adults. There was a significant
between-study heterogeneity in Apo A1 (I2 = 89.3%, P < 0.001) and Apo B100 (I2 = 57.1%, P=0.030).
However, significant increase in Apo A1 in daily dosage of vitamin D (SMD = 0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI,
0.02, 1.11; P=0.044) and ≤12 weeks of supplementation duration (SMD = 0.71 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.08,
1.34; P=0.028) was observed. No significant effects of vitamin D on Apo A1 and Apo B100 levels
after subgroup analysis by mean age, gender, study population, dosage and duration of study. Overall,
daily vitamin D supplementation and ≤12 weeks of supplementation might have beneficial effects in
increasing Apo A1 levels, however, future high-quality trials considering these a primary outcome are
required. |