| Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the normal flora of human intestine as well as most animals. E. coli can cause
numbers of intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders, including urinary tract infections, diarrhea, neonatal meningitis,
and septicaemia. In the worldwide, more than 150 million new urinary tract infection (UTI) are detected
annually and Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), a member of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (EXPEC) group, is
associated with approximately 80% of all UTIs. UTI is a typical of infection that is caused by extended-spectrum
B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE). Altered genotype, and consequently phenotype,
potentiated detecting of various ESBL-producing UPEC strains that can provide development of new therapeutic
options using various antibiotics. In this review, we have evaluated recent studies about expression of different
genes and phylogenetics |