| Malformations of the maxillofacial region has disturbing psychosocial effects and causes enormous
socioeconomic concerns. The management of maxillofacial defects caused by congenital anomalies,
trauma, osteoporotic fractures, periodontitis, or cancer treatment is challenging for oral and
maxillofacial surgeons. Numerous approaches have been recommended for the managing of these
deficiencies. The traditional treatment for maxillofacial defects or their repair is an intricate process by
autologous bone grafts from the scapula, ribs, fibula, or iliac crest origins. Regenerative medicine is well
thought-out as a perfect substitute approach for autologous bone grafts to renovate bone deficiencies.
The use of stem cells has improved results and offered a technique to reconstruct craniofacial bone
defects. The field of tissue engineering for the regeneration of maxillofacial needs integration of
biochemical and biomaterial engineering aspects with cell transplantation to generate better-quality
biomimetic scaffolds, prevascularize three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures, and engineer the
composite interface of diverse facial tissues. In this review, we have discussed the application of different
adult stem cells to repair oral and maxillofacial defects in animal models and clinical trials. |