| From late 2019, China reported COVID-19 as an epidemic and in
early 2020 WHO claimed it as a pandemic. Hospitalized patients may
develop COVID-19 associated ARDS and cytokine storm leading to
multi organ failure with a high mortality rate [1].
Although there has been progress in understanding the mechanistic
basis for the initiation and propagation of COVID-19, there is unfortunately not any specific and effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-
19 [2,3]. COVID-19 is associated with pulmonary inflammation and an
increase in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (cytokine
storm) due to dysregulated host immune respone [4]. There are many
studies showing that COVID-19 is associated with immune response
and hyperinflammation; so, therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway can help clinicians in the battle against this disease. Autologus conditioned serum (ACS) has been shown to be safe and effective on
various disease especially osteoarthritis in previous clinical studies, all
showing an excellent risk/benefit ratio [5]. ACS is enriched with antiinflammatory cytokines like IL-1Ra, IL-10 and IL-13 and has low levels
of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
and IL-1β [6]. Therapy is based on the injection of signaling proteinrich serum whose efficacy is due to the synergistic effect of many of
the body's own signaling proteins (cytokines and growth factors) that
are present in clinically relevant concentrations in ACS. Moreover, synergistic effects of IL-1Ra and other cytokines in addition to several regenerative growth factors are responsible for the strong and long
lasting efficacy of ACS therapy in previous clinical studies. It has been
shown that ACS can reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines in osteoarthritis patients after intra-articular injection.
As the most important organ dysfunction in COVID-19 is related to
respiratory system, we tried to administer ACS intratracheally to get
better distribution in different region of lungs. We used patients own
plasma as it did not need matching and was a type of an autologous
transfusion with lower risk of complications. Based on the inflammatory
nature of COVID-19 and strong anti-inflammatory profile of ACS, we hypothesized that intratracheal administration of ACS to critically ill
COVID-19 patients would result in improvement of the inflammatory
and respiratory parameters of. The primary outcome was improvement
in oxygenation and the secondary outcomes were duration of
mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and respiratory indices such
as compliance and resistance |