| Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, represents a threat for livestock
and humans, manifests as a quiescent, subclinical and chronic hydatid cyst infection.
The disease imposes high expenditures and economic losses in medical and
veterinary. Prophylactic vaccination would be one of the effective preventive health
care against echinococcosis. During the last decades, many studies have characterized
the protective antigens of Echinococcus granulosus and their role in immunization
of various animal host species. Herein, we aimed to systematically evaluate and
represent the best antigens as possible vaccine candidates for cystic echinococcosis.
Data were systematically searched from five databases including ProQuest, PubMed,
Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science, up to 1 February 2020. Two reviewers
independently screened and assessed data extraction and quality assessment. A total
of 47 articles were eligible for inclusion criteria in the current study. The most common
antigens used for vaccination against E. granulosus were EG95 and antigen B.
Freund's adjuvant and Quil A have been predominantly utilized. In addition, regarding
the antigen delivery, animal models, measurement of immune responses and reduction
in hydatid cyst have been discussed in the text. The data demonstrated that
DNA vaccines with antigen B and recombinant protein vaccines based on EG95 antigen
have the best results and elicited protective immune responses. |