| خلاصه مقاله | Approach to Radiologically Isolated Syndrom
Okuda and colleagues defined unanticipated brain
spatial dissemination of MRI lesions highly suggestive of MS in
the absence of characteristic clinical signs and symptoms
attributable to central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, as
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. The McDonald criteria for
MRI dissemination in time (DIT) (gadolinium-enhancing lesions
and/or new T2 lesions), as described in the MAGNIMS MRI
criteria, could further improve the identification of RIS subjects
with a high risk of developing neurological symptoms and will
allow a definite diagnosis of MS once the subject shows a
seminal neurological event suggestive of CNS demyelination.
The most predictive risk factors for conversion of RIS to CIS/MS
are at least an asymptomatic cervical spine cord lesion, younger
age, male gender, contrast enhancing lesions, abnormal VEP
and CSF oligoclonal bands. The most strongest one is the spinal
cord lesion. Within 5 years, one third of RIS patients convert
clinically to CIS, RRMS, or PPMS, one third will have radiological
activity but no clinical symptoms, and one third will remain
radiologically and clinically stable. Although a few studies have
previously reported predictors of RIS conversion to CIS/MS,
the key predictors are unclear. Spinal cord MRI and CSF
biomarker analysis should be performed in all RIS patients
because they are associated with high likelihood of early
conversion from RIS to MS. As treating RIS patients remains
controversial to date, physicians may be inclined to offer
prophylactic treatment to high-risk RIS patients with a more
definitive prognosis to prevent disease conversion. Current
evidence does not support initiation of disease modifying
therapy before the development of the first demyelinating
clinical event. |