| Abstract
Aim To examine the clinical and histopathological consequences of MRI in sheep implanted with non-MRI-conditional
cardiac pacemakers.
Materials and methods Under general anesthesia, active fixation leads of two dual-chamber, non-MRI-conditional cardiac
pacemakers (St. Jude Medical and Medtronic) were implanted either at the right ventricular apex or at the right atrium of two
male sheep and connected to the V and A channels of the pacemakers, respectively. The generators were placed in cervical
subcutaneous pockets. On day 5, both sheep underwent 1.5 T cervical and chest MRI with continuous electrocardiogram
monitoring. Obtained sequences were T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), T2-gradient echo and diffusion weighted
(DW). The employed modes were OVO, VOO and VVI for one sheep and OAO, AOO and AAI for the other (unipolar
and bipolar configuration of pacing and sensing for both). Battery impedance, pacing lead impedance, intrinsic amplitude
and capture thresholds were checked at baseline and after each sequence, as well as 48 h after imaging. Histopathological
examination of the cardiac tissue around the lead tip was performed 4 weeks post-imaging.
Results No significant changes in device position or configuration were observed during or after MRI. Clinical outcome
was uneventful in both sheep. Minor inflammatory and necrotic changes were reported after histopathological examination
of the cardiac tissue around the lead tip.
Conclusion 1.5 T MRI of two implanted non-MRI-conditional pacemakers was found safe in terms of device configuration
and stability, clinical outcome and cardiac tissue histopathological findings. |