| Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of various forms of
tissue engineering. MSCs have self‐renewal and multidifferential potential.
Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is an area of attention in bone
regeneration. One form of MSCs are adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), which
can be simply harvested and differentiated into several cell lineages, such as
chondrocytes, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. Due to special properties, ASCs are
frequently used in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Identifying factors involved
in osteogenic differentiation of ASCs is important for better understanding
the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation. Different methods are
used to stimulate osteogenesis of ASCs in literature, including common osteogenic
media, growth factors, hormones, hypoxia, mechanical and chemical stimuli,
genetic modification, and nanotechnology. This review article provides an
overview describing the isolation procedure, characterization, properties, current
methods for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, and their basic biological
mechanism. |