| MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are characterized by small, noncoding RNA have an
essential role in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancer. Furthermore,
miRNAs, as a new paradigm of epigenetic regulators, play an important role in
normal development and cellular function. This literature review summarizes the
recurrent mechanism of gene regulation through miRNAs and, consequently, the
impact of regulated genes on different cellular processes, including proliferation,
metastasis, prognosis, and apoptosis. Additionally, what is important to note is that
the expression of miRNAs in various cancer cells is different, and miRNAs have
various target genes in various cancers. Accordingly, a proper understanding of
gene regulation by miRNAs contributes to new perspectives in miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
Significance of the study MiRNAs are considered as a crucial regulator of gene
expression. The genes also play an important role in the expression of miRNAs; as a
result, there is a relationship between them. In recent years, targeted therapy
with miRNAs has been a significant challenge. Studying the mechanisms through
which miRNAs regulate various cancer cell processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis, is very critical in the treatment of cancer through miRNAs.
Definitely, a proper understanding of the impacts of aberrant expression of miRNAs
on cancer cell processes leads to new therapeutic strategies in the targeted therapy
with miRNAs |