| Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart,
lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis,
ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological
and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis
plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and
also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of
cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer
treatment. |