| خلاصه مقاله | Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, protects the ends of long bones at the
joints. Proteoglycans are considered as the main structural components of the cartilage
extracellular matrix.1 Cartilage does not contain blood vessels, so it has a very slow
turnover of its extracellular matrix and does not repair. Thus, cartilage tissue engineering
revitalizes cartilage function and includes scaffold, cell, and regulatory factors as a
promising approach by providing biomaterial according to extracellular matrix
architecture in order for nutrient delivery and chondrogenic differentiation.
Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) is a linear unsaturated synthetic polyester, which has been
considered as a potential orthopedic scaffold for the regeneration of bone tissue. PPF is
degraded through hydrolysis of ester bonds to form fumaric acid and propylene glycol as
nontoxic materials. It is synthesized from 1, 2-propylene glycol and diethyl fumarate
utilizing zinc chloride as catalyst and hydroquinone as a cross-linking inhibitor. PPF is a
biocompatible polymer with a mechanical property, which offers crosslinked networks by
carbon-carbon double bond to form 3D printed scaffolds.2 Chitosan (CS) is a deacylated
form of chitin and positively charged natural linear polysaccharide plays a profound role in
chondrogenic attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.3 In the present study,
composite scaffold containing PPF and CS were prepared for cartilage tissue engineering
and regeneration. FT-IR, H-NMR, XRD, compression test, and SEM were performed to
evaluate the physico/chemical properties of the prepared scaffold. Proliferation and
differentiation of human adipose stem cell to chondrocyte were investigated via MTT assay,
real-time PCR and toluidine blue staining. |