| The rise of European science during the Renaissance is
greatly indebted to the flourishing of the sciences during
the Islamic Golden Age [1–3]. In the Eastern Caliphate of
Baghdad, Muslim scholars translated and assimilated the
Greek works, while adding their own commentaries [4].
Thereafter, thanks to their own perceptive observations,
trials, and skills, renowned scholars such as Muhammad
ibn Zakariya al-Razi or Rhazes (865–925), Ali ibn al-
Abbas al-Majusi or Haly Abbas (930–994), and Abu-Ali
al-Husain ibn Abdollah ibn Sina or Avicenna (981–1037)
remarkably contributed to the scientific treasure of this
era [5]. Meanwhile, in the Western Caliphate of C´ ordoba,
Muslim physicians and philosophers almost as brilliant as
those of the East strongly promoted this scientific movement
[6]. Studied and practiced medicine at Seville and C´ ordoba,
Al-Zahrawi or Albucasis (936–1013), Ibn Zuhr or Avenzoar
(1092–1162), and Ibn Rushd or Averro¨es (1126–1198) were
the most influential physicians of the western lands |