چاپ صفحه |  صفحه نخست سامانه |  چکیده مقاله |  نویسندگان |  دانلود مقاله | دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز |
| Since the dawn of medicine, the human heart and the cardiovascular systemwere of wide spread interest to scientists. Despite this long-lasting history, the true concept of the blood circulation within the body remained unknown for many centuries [1]. Although there were some early references to the possible existence of a connection between the arteries and the veins in medieval medicine, the dominant belief of those days was that blood moved in a unidirectional path in both arteries and the veins towards the peripheral tissues and consumed by them [2–5]. At present, William Harvey (1578–1657), an English physician, is known as the first figure in medical history who precisely described the human vasculature and the circulation of the blood within a closed vascular system. The details on the peripheral to central direction of venous blood flow were an important part of Harvey's theory [5]. Interestingly, our recent study affirms that Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231 AD), a writer and physician in the era of the Islamic Medicine Golden Age (9th–12th centuries AD), provided an early and correct description for the direction of the venous blood flow long before the efforts made by Harvey [1,6,7]. Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad 'Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi, best known as Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, an Arab writer, historian, physician, philosopher, Egyptologist, and traveler, was born in Baghdad (the current capital city of Iraq) (Fig. 1). Al-Baghdadi authored a number of medical books related to the various fields of medicine [6]. Al-Tibb min al-Kitabwa-al-Sunna (Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet) was one of Al-Baghdadi's writings devoted to the healing arts. In this work, al-Baghdadi stated his opposition to the theory of unidirectional central to peripheral venous blood flow. He believed that the venous blood returns back fromthe body organs, reaches finally to the kidneys where some amount of it is excreted from the body through the urine. To justify his theory, al-Baghdadi provided an example. His line of reason and argument was that the change in urine color was a feasible likelihood due to the topical use of henna on the skin (a natural coloring agent traditionally used for cosmetic purposes). In his opinion, this coloring agent was absorbed by the tissues to which it was topically applied, and was absorbed into the venous blood stream, and moved backward (peripheral to central); and finally, by the passage of venous blood from the kidneys, henna was excreted into the urine [7]. A review of the modern literature will show several reports on the possibility of severe hemolysis following the topical use of Henna in cases with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, an event that can eventually cause urine discoloration [8]. This argument can support the above-mentioned medieval theory on the color changes in the urine due to the topical use of Henna. |
| نویسنده | نفر چندم مقاله |
|---|---|
| صمد اسلام جمال گلزاری | چهارم |
| نام فایل | تاریخ درج فایل | اندازه فایل | دانلود |
|---|---|---|---|
| L-Al-Baghdadi.pdf | 1398/09/05 | 432409 | دانلود |
