| Despite many advances and optimization in colon cancer treatment, tumor recurrence and metastases make the development of new therapies necessary. Colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered as the main triggering factor of cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. CCSCs as a result of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations and also complex interconnection with tumor microenvironment (TME) can evolve and convert to full malignant cells. Mounting evidence suggests that in cancer therapy both CCSCs and nonCCSCs in TME have to be regarded to break through the limitation of current therapies. In this regards, stem cell capabilities of some nonCCSCs may arise inside the TME condition. Therefore, a deep knowledge of regulatory mechanisms, heterogeneity, specific markers and signaling pathways of CCSCs and their interconnection with TME components is needed to improve treatment of colorectal cancer and patient’s life quality. In this review, we address current different targeted therapeutic options that target cell surface markers and signaling pathways of CCSCs and other components of TME. Current challenges and future perspective of colon cancer personalized therapy are also provided here. Taken together, based on the deep understanding of biology of CCSCs and using of 3D cultures technologies, it can be possible to reach the successful colon cancer eradication and improvise combination targeted therapies against CCSCs and TME. |