| Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases in a wide variety of vertebrate
hosts. Mortality resulting from the disease is low in livestock, although severe cryptosporidiosis has been associated
with fatality in young animals.
Methods: The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review the prevalence and molecular data on
Cryptosporidium infections in selected terrestrial domestic and wild ungulates of the families Bovidae (bison, buffalo,
cattle, goat, impala, mouflon sheep, sheep, yak), Cervidae (red deer, roe deer, white-tailed deer), Camelidae (alpaca,
camel), Suidae (boar, pig), Giraffidae (giraffes) and Equidae (horses). Data collection was carried out using PubMed,
Scopus, Science Direct and Cochran databases, with 429 papers being included in this systematic analysis.
Results: The results show that overall 18.9% of ungulates from the investigated species were infected with Cryptosporidium
spp. Considering livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and buffaloes), analysis revealed higher
Cryptosporidium infection prevalence in ungulates of the Cetartiodactyla than in those of the Perissodactyla, with
cattle (29%) being the most commonly infected farm animal.
Conclusions: Overall, the investigated domestic ungulates are considered potential sources of Cryptosporidium contamination
in the environment. Control measures should be developed to reduce the occurrence of Cryptosporidium
infection in these animals. Furthermore, literature on wild populations of the named ungulate species revealed a
widespread presence and potential reservoir function of wildlife. |