| Abstract
Problem: Increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory factors in metabolic syn‐
drome (MS) patients are considered as risk factors for recurrent implantation failure
(RIF). The aim of this study was to investigate OS markers, inflammatory factors,
related microRNAs (miRNA) expression, and cytokine and transcription factors RNA
expression.
Method of study: We evaluated the frequency of helper T (Th) 17 and regulatory T
(Treg) cells in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) women with or without MS. miRNA
expression, an inflammatory cytokine, and transcription factors were measured by
real‐time PCR. The level of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha
(TNF‐alpha) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL‐2), and C‐X‐C motif chemokine
ligand 8 (CXCL‐8) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
OS markers were evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Th17 and Treg cell fre‐
quencies were determined by flow cytometry.
Results: The expression of AP1, NF‐κB, FOXP3, miRNA‐21; serum or plasma level of
OS markers (ie, nitric oxide, total oxidant status, and myeloperoxidase); serum level
of inflammatory factors (ie, IL1‐β, IL‐6, IL‐17, TNF‐alpha, CXCL‐8, and CCL‐2); and
frequency of Th17 cells were increased in RIF‐MS patients in comparison with RIF
women without MS (RIF‐NMS) and control group. The expression of miRNA‐223 and
146a, antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),
and frequency of Treg also declined in RIF‐MS patients.
Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that MS in RIF patients causes increased
inflammatory factors and OS, which in turn leads to implantation failure. |