| Lateral flow assays (LFAs) provide some of the most attractive point-of-care instruments for broad applications
with simple, rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective characteristics. However, these technologies
suffer from low sensitivity, the poor limit of detection, and just qualitative or semi-quantitative
results that restrict their practical applications. Extensive research has been reported in this area
involving sensitivity enhancement, multiplex analysis, the implementation for broad analytes, and
development of novel electronic readers for quantitative analysis. This review presents recently reported
works for the structural improvements of LFAs considering antibody immobilization, manipulation of the
membrane, structural variants of LFAs, and single and dual detection mode LFAs, all these aspects focused
on the visual, fluorescent, magnetic, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical, and
nanozyme-based detection. |