| خلاصه مقاله | Background and Aim: The mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition is
an essential phenomenon during tissue regeneration, leading to an
increased vascular density in target tissues. Thus, the development of
highly sensitive and accurate biosensor approaches for detecting stem
cells differentiation, particularly in the earliest steps, is more crucial than
ever. In the current study, a label-free SPR (surface plasmon resonance)
method was developed for the monitoring of the early-stage differentiation
of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial-like phenotype in term of VEcadherin
over a period of 14 days.
Methods: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) line (Cat
No: C10680) was obtained from Iranian Biological Resource Center.
Low glucose-DMEM (DMEM/LG, Gibco) cell media were used for the
cultivation of hAMSCs. To induce endothelial differentiation, hAMSCs
were maintained in endothelial cell growth media, M-199, supplemented
with an EGM-2 cocktail (Cat No: C-22010, Promocell) and 2% fetal
calf serum (FCS, Promocell) for 14 days. The medium was replenished
every 2 to 3 days. The differentiation of hAMSCs into endothelial-like
phenotype was investigated by SPR biosensor method and also with flow
cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy on days 1, 2,
3, 5, 7 and 14. The morphological changes in relation to the endothelial
acquisition were monitored through the experiment. A multi-parameter
SPR device (MP-SPR Navi 210A, BioNavis Ltd, Tampere, Finland) with
gold chips (BioNavis Ltd, Finland) was used to examine antibody-cell
affinity interactions.
Results: The combination of SPR method and Ab immobilization on-chip
resulted in early detection of VE-cadherin as a cell surface marker in
the endothelial differentiation of hAMSCs. Consistent with endothelial
differentiation of SCs, a high level of VE-cadherin was encoded on the cell
surface resulting in an increased attachment of the cells to the immobilized
antibody on the chip surface. This attachment, in turn, caused profound
changes in the refractive index values in the detection region which were
reflected as increased RU intensities during differentiation stages. After
subtracting the nonspecific binding responses, we recorded 0, 80, 120,
360, 510 and 610 RUs×10-4 for differentiating hMSCs following 1, 2, 3,
5, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The flow cytometric method was unable to
discriminate the hAMSCs expressing VE-cadherin during the first 4 days
of the differentiation, especially on day 0, 1 and 2, toward endothelial
lineage.
Conclusion: In the present study, SPR technique could sense the early
stage differentiation of hAMSCs on day 3 in real-time and label-free
form without affecting cell viability, but flow cytometry and fluorescent
microscopy methods were not able to detect the cell differentiation at the
same time. This sensitive method presents hopeful views for monitoring
and identification of rare and specific cell populations like tumor cells,
cancer stem cells and etc. |