| ntibiotics are among the most widely used medications in the clinical settings. Despite their undeniable benefits and necessity, antibiotics may have some adverse effects; among them, the neurotoxic ones are very important because they may lead to a significant morbidity and even mortality. Seizures, encephalopathy, optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (MG) are important examples of neurotoxic adverse events in association with antibiotic usage. They are more common in the elderly patients with renal insufficiency, and in patients with preexisting problems in the central nervous system (CNS).[1] Many of these neurotoxic events are reversible if identified early, therefore, health-care providers and physicians need to be aware of their clinical presentations.[1],[2] Beta-lactams and quinolones are the antibiotics most commonly associated with neurotoxic side effects. It should, however, be noted that many other antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, erythromycin, polymyxins, ethambutol, isoniazid, and chloramphenicol may also cause serious neurotoxicity.[3] This article aims to review the most common and important neurotoxic adverse events associated with various antibiotics routinely used in the clinical setting. |