| Radiation therapy is a regular treatment modality for the cancer therapy. Despite being a beneficial
strategy, the radiation doses are limited, in large part because of the occurrence of inadvertent toxicity in
the surrounding healthy tissues/organs. Among efforts to minimize the unwanted side effects in normal
tissues and sensitize tumor tissues/organs to radiation, utilization of the high atomic number material such
as noble metals (e.g., gold, platinum) appears to provide promising outcome as radiation sensitizers. In
addition, growing advances in the field of nanomaterials/biomedical sciences have facilitated their
applications as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), in particular, gold
NPs (AuNPs), which offer a great capacity for increasing photoelectric interactions at lower energy levels,
are able to enhance the impacts of radiotherapy by increasing energy deposition in tumor tissues. Modified
AuNPs, with higher mass-energy coefficient in soft tissue at the keV energy range, have reached huge
interests in the concurrent radiotherapy of various malignancies. The AuNPs have a great potential to be
translated into the clinical applications in various cancer treatments. In this current study, we review the
most recent works in the development of gold-based radiosensitizing agents and discuss the utilized
approaches for the radiotherapy and articulate their impacts in cancer therapy |