| Gene silencing by siRNA (short interfering RNA)-targeted
human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is considered
a successful strategy for cancer gene therapy. Polyelectrolyte
complexes (PEC) of siRNA and cationic polymers such as
polyethyleneimine (PEI) have been widely used for cellular
transfection; however, they demonstrate some disadvantages
such as cytotoxicity and extracellular matrix restrictions. PEG
grafting technology was used in an attempt to improve the
biocompatibility of PECs. Considering that this technology may
compromise the cellular uptake of PECs, we aimed to study the
eff ect of degree of PEI PEGylation on the carrier cytotoxicity,
cellular association, and transfection effi ciency of hTERT siRNA
in the lung cancer cell line A549.
Activated NHS ester of methoxy PEG – COOH 5 KDa was grafted
to hyperbranched PEI 25 KDa in the molar ratios of 0.2 and 1.
The copolymers were characterized by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.
PECs of PEI or PEG-g-PEI with siRNA, alone or co-incubated with
heparin sulfate, were studied by the ethidium bromide exclusion
assay. Cytotoxicity of the polymers (PEG-g-PEI vs PEI), alone
and upon formation of PEC nanoparticles with hTERT siRNA,
was determined by a validated MTT assay, in comparison to a
scrambled control sequence, in A549 human lung carcinoma
cells. The cellular uptake of the PECs of FITC-labeled siRNA was
investigated by fl ow cytometry at diff erent N/P ratios, and the
silencing eff ect of the transfected siRNA was compared to that of
the control sequence for diff erent PECs by real time RT-PCR.
The cytotoxicity of PEI decreased signifi cantly by PEG
grafting, even at a low degree of PEGylation. Moreover, the
nonspecifi c cytotoxicity of PECs decreased by PEG grafting.
PECs of PEG-g-PEI showed more biologic stability on incubation
with heparin sulfate. Average particle size and zeta potential of
PEC nanoparticles were diminished for those of PEG-g-PEI. The
cellular association was more pronounced at an N/P ratio of
2.5 for PECs of PEI and PEG-g-PEI alike. The level of silencing of
hTERT mRNA by PEC of PEG-g-PEI was sequence-dependent, and
determined non-inferior when compared to the native PEI.
Conclusively, the biocompatibility of PEI was improved by a
low degree of PEGylation, with no adverse eff ect on the cellular
uptake and the transfection activity. PEC nanoparticles of hTERT
siRNA and PEG-g-PEI could act as a promising weapon against
A549 cells, which has to be considered for an in vivo evaluation. |