| Current strategies of tissue engineering are focused on the
reconstruction and regeneration of damaged or deformed tissues
by grafting of cells with scaffolds and biomolecules. Recently,
much interest is given to scaffolds which are based on mimic the
extracellular matrix that have induced the formation of new tissues. To
return functionality of the organ, the presence of a scaffold is essential
as a matrix for cell colonization, migration, growth, differentiation and
extracellular matrix deposition, until the tissues are totally restored
or regenerated. A wide variety of approaches has been developed
either in scaffold materials and production procedures or cell sources
and cultivation techniques to regenerate the tissues/organs in tissue
engineering applications. This study has been conducted to present
an overview of the different scaffold fabrication techniques such as
solvent casting and particulate leaching, electrospinning, emulsion
freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, melt molding
and rapid prototyping with their properties, limitations, theoretical
principles and their prospective in tailoring appropriate micronanostructures
for tissue regeneration applications. This review
also includes discussion on recent works done in the field of tissue
engineering. |