| Torticollis is defined by head tilt toward the contractured muscle and chin rotation to the opposite direction, and can lead to secondary problems such as plagiocephaly, scoliosis, delayed cognitive development and impaired balance [Cooperman, 1997]. Torticollises are a common cause of referral to rehabilitation clinics in the pediatric setting. The etiologies of torticollis may be orthopedic, neurologic or ocular. Congenital muscular torticollis due to sternocleidomastoid contracture is the most common type in infants and may be treated with conservative treatment such as muscle stretching. Surgery is recommended in congenital muscular torticollis if conservative treatment is ineffective or if it results in progressive maxillofacial asymmetry [Suhr and Oledzka, 2015]. Other causes are ocular torticollis due to ocular muscle weakness, Sandifer’s syndrome due to gastroesophageal reflux, neural axis abnormalities and benign paroxysmal torticollis. Ocular torticollis usually occurs due to different ophthalmic conditions, including paralytic and restrictive disorders of ocular movement, nystagmus and defects of the visual field [Herman, 2006]. Here we report a missed ocular torticollis in a girl with presumed congenital muscular torticollis. |