| Nutrigenomics is a specialized topic investigating the role of nutrition on gene expression, and overlapping subject between two fields of nutrition and genetics. It studies some aspects of the expression and function of genes which is affected by diet. Due to the vast and notable effect of diet on the growth, health and wellbeing of children and infants (and people with specific diseases like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, etc.), nutrigenomics has a wide range of study within this group of the human society (Dang et al., 2014). In fact, nutrigenomics is a subset of epigenomics which are the investigation of changes in gene action that are mitotically and/or meiotically heritable and that do not implicate an alterna-tion in DNA sequence. Consequently, nutrigenomics is a field of science which studies the impacts of diet on genome. This science includes the effects of maternal nutrition on the human fetus during pregnancy; the breast-feeding phase and also the effects of the quality and composition of food on new-born and children after infancy. Regarding to the documents from Hap Map project, Personalized Medicine, and Human Genome Project, nutrigenomics follows some fundamental goals. The first is elevation of the understanding of the effects of nutritional factors on biochemical, metabolic, physiologic mechanisms, homeostasis regulations and may be their decomposition mechanism, assessing diet-related disorders and diseases (e.g. food allergies or intolerance to certain foods) and the occurrence of these diseases with respect to the sensitivity of the particular genotype to nutritional factors. The second goal is the interventional targeting of dietary protocols and nutrition to restitute normal homeostasis aimed at prohibition nu-trition-associated disorders (Muller and Kersten, 2003). |